Positive Affirmations for Stress Relief and Panic Disorder

Positive Affirmations for Stress Relief and Panic Disorder Spirituality Print Positive Affirmations to Relieve Anxiety and Stress By Elizabeth Scott, MS twitter Elizabeth Scott, MS, is a wellness coach specializing in stress management and quality of life, and the author of 8 Keys to Stress Management. Learn about our editorial policy Elizabeth Scott, MS Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on August 05, 2016 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on January 19, 2020 Tim Robberts/ Getty Images More in Self-Improvement Spirituality Happiness Meditation Stress Management Holistic Health Inspiration Brain Health Technology Relationships View All From giving an important presentation at work to attending a party by yourself, there are countless situations that can be impacted by negative thoughts. Whether or not you have a diagnosed panic disorder, its easy to get distracted by negativity and fears that can lead to a downward spiral of emotions. In order to move forward, its important to swap negativity with rational, positive thoughts. This shift can come to you more easily and automatically with practice, eventually shaping new thinking habits and strides toward recovery.   How to Use Positive Affirmations to Manage Stress Here are some ways to use positive affirmations to manage stress, particularly when dealing with anxiety at the same time. Identify and Stop Negative Thoughts First, learn to identify negative thoughts so you can nix the negativity as soon as it enters your mind. For example, if you found yourself thinking, Im going to look stupid if I go to that party alone, identify the negative thought and correct yourself in the moment. Consciously decide to reframe and move your thoughts into a more positive direction. Remind yourself that others will likely be arriving alone, that people are looking forward to seeing you, and that you will probably have a good time. These thoughts can help put you in a better frame of mind.   Use Positive Affirmations You may find it helpful to learn positive affirmations ahead of time so youre prepared when triggering situations occur. Consider the following options for common scenarios. When faced with a situation that generates fear, such as traveling or meeting new people, try repeating positive affirmations that acknowledge your negative thoughts or emotions and let them go: Anxiety isnt dangerous. Im just uncomfortable. Ill make it through this.  The picture in my head isnt healthy. Thats just me being negative.  I feel anxious, but so what? I know what that feels like and Ill get through it.  Im going to focus on things I love to get me through this.  I will be OK.   Managing your anxiety or panic disorder can be particularly difficult in times of stress, such as when you need to give a presentation in public or will be going to a networking event at work. While you may be tempted to call out sick or avoid the situation altogether, that can be harmful to you and your career. Instead, remind yourself of these affirmations: Ive done presentations before and I can do this one, too.  When this is over, Ill be so proud of myself.  If I keep doing it, it will get easier.  The last time I presented, everyone said I did really well.  If I take deep breaths, that will help soothe me before I go in.   Remain Realistic Sometimes positive thinking can be taken too far, so its important to remain grounded. When positive affirmations become unrealistic, they can actually trigger more anxiety as your subconscious mind notes that the ideas arent realistic. You can find yourself more stressed if you start convincing yourself that you can do things youre not prepared for, and the reality of failure hits hard. Notice that the examples given above focus on realistic and true statements that are also positive: what you will gain, what you have accomplished in the past, and what you will realistically achieve. Affirmations for anxiety are more powerful when rooted in reality.? A Word From Verywell Stress, anxiety, andâ€"in more extreme casesâ€"panic attacks can be harmful and disruptive, whether it makes you more fearful or feel like youre losing control. But through positive affirmations, you can disrupt the negative thought patterns that feed your anxiety so you can better cope with the symptoms.   If you find your anxiety or panic disorder symptoms arent being effectively managed, consult with a healthcare provider specializing in panic and anxiety. Anxiety and panic disorder are highly treatable, and through options like medication, therapy, and mind-body modalities like yoga, you can work towards an improved quality of life.

Java Event Listeners Process User Activity in a GUI

An event listener in Java is designed to process some kind of event  Ã¢â‚¬â€ it listens for an event, such as a users mouse click or a key press, and then it responds accordingly. An event listener must be connected to an event object that defines the event. For example, graphical components like a JButton ​or JTextField are known as  event sources. This means that they can generate events (called event objects),  such as providing a JButton for a user to click, or a JTextField in which a user can enter text. The event listeners job is to catch those events and do something with them. How Event Listeners Work Each event listener interface includes at least one method used by the equivalent event source. For this discussion, lets consider a mouse event, i.e. anytime a user clicks something with a mouse, represented by the Java class MouseEvent. To handle this type of event, you would first create a MouseListener class that implements the Java MouseListener interface. This interface has five methods; implement the one that relates to the type of mouse action you anticipate your user taking. These are: void mouseClicked(MouseEvent e)Invoked when the mouse button has been clicked (pressed and released) on a component.void mouseEntered(MouseEvent e)Invoked when the mouse enters a component.void mouseExited(MouseEvent e)Invoked when the mouse exits a component.void mousePressed(MouseEvent e)Invoked when a mouse button has been pressed on a component.void mouseReleased(MouseEvent e)Invoked when a mouse button has been released on a component As you can see, each method has a single event object parameter: the particular mouse event it is designed to handle. In your MouseListener class, you register to listen to any of these events so that you are informed when they occur. When the event fires (for example, the user clicks the mouse, as per the mouseClicked() method above), a relevant MouseEvent object representing that event is created and passed to the  MouseListener object registered to receive it.   Types of Event Listeners Event listeners are represented by different interfaces, each of which is designed to process an equivalent event. Note that event listeners are flexible in that a single listener can be registered to listen to multiple types of events. This means that, for a similar set of components that perform the same type of action, one event listener can handle all the events. Here are some of the most common types: ActionListener: Listens for an ActionEvent, i.e. when a graphical element is clicked such as a button or item in a list.ContainerListener: Listens for a ContainerEvent, which might occur if the user adds or removes an object from the interface.KeyListener: Listens for a KeyEvent in which the user presses, types or releases a key.WindowListener: Listens for a WindowEvent, for example, when a window is closed, activated or deactivated.MouseListener: Listens for a   MouseEvent, such as when a mouse is clicked or pressed.

Top Secret Facts About Gre Sample Issue Essay Topics

Top Secret Facts About Gre Sample Issue Essay Topics Reasoning plays a critical role in deciding the general caliber of your essay. After all, the GRE Issue isn't a test of knowledge as much since it is a test of how it is possible to use knowledge however confined to back your position. Providing evidence for the GRE essays would end up being invaluable if you'd like to create the amount of credibility. You will be able to take our 360-degree Diagnostic Test to spot your weaknesses on the GRE and understand precisely what you have to review. Our course contains only the very best and all you need to obtain an outstanding GRE score from beginning to finish. You will receive a personalized score report highlighting your strengths and regions of improvement. An answer to any other issue is going to receive a score of zero. You must take many different factors into account, if you wish to get anywhere near the ideal score. Gre Sample Issue Essay Topics: the Ultimate Convenience! Students should always question what they're taught rather than accepting it passively. On the flip side, in the event the student has practiced and solved the lesson by himself, he'll have a first-hand experience of the issues. No 2 students are alikeat PrepScholar, so prepare to find a best study plan that's statistically predicted to maximize your GRE score in the briefest amount of time. College students should base their selection of an area of study on the access to work in that area. There are various sorts of writing professionals. Cre ating high self esteem is just one of the greatest things you can ever do to totally transform every component of your life. If you have opted to become an expert writer, you own a task in your hand. Or are you a decent enough writer to make your own structure on the fly. Then there are various varieties of articles which must be written. One of the absolute most important features about a compelling essay is its capacity to convince the reader by way of sound logical reasoning. Also a reminder you may work with me if you're searching for issue essay feedback. Apa american psychological association style is among the most widespread academic formats when it has to do with writing research papers. Some people today claim that the purpose of politics ought to be the pursuit of an ideal. They believe that in order to thrive, a society must put its own overall success before the well-being of its individual citizens. They believe that scientific discoveries have given us a much better understanding of the world around us. A public dialogue about belief one essay at one time of misfortune suffered in the rear of the bus trump any other type of reimbursement. You will discover that it is possible to use a lot of them for many essays don't let the very first thing that springs to mind box you in. Take the time to proofread your essay, after you finish writing it. Which type of essays will be there and what's anticipated to be written. Not only do you have to read through GRE sample essays, but you also have to look for topics on which you are able to write GRE sample essays yourself and have them evaluated. No other preparation is required. However you get ready for the essays, make sure you at least write a couple of each type before you take the actual GRE. Yes, there are a few fantastic articles and sample 6. The essay graders know that you simply get 30 minutes to compose each AWA essay and in addition, they know that you won't have the ability to cover every potential argument, reason and rebuttal. The ETS Score It Now, is a fantastic feature available for you to receive your essays graded. More creative suggestions on how to receive your essay graded here. Since you may see, the longer the essay, the greater the grades. Facts, Fiction and Gre Sample Issue Essay Topics The first facet of the essay we'll analyze is the way that it succeeds in identifying and examining the pieces of the argument that relate to the endeavor. You have to develop an argument for your side of the situation. Just one topic is provided in analysis of an argument and you don't have any choice. There are a few commonalities across all the essay prompts on the GRE Argument pool page, even past the simple fact that each and every task asks you to examine some sort of argument and analyze it.

Living and Learning the Right to Salvation (the Scarlet Letter) Free Essays

The Scarlet Letter is a novel about love and jealousy, sin and shame, passion and compassion. It is a tale of a woman named Hester Prynne, who engaged in adultery with the town minister, and as a result, bore permanent consequences from this sin throughout the remainder of their lives. While Minister Dimmesdale denied this sin and expressed his regret through shows of self-abuse and crippling guilt, Hester embraced her sins as past experience and learned from them in order to find her own identity. We will write a custom essay sample on Living and Learning: the Right to Salvation (the Scarlet Letter) or any similar topic only for you Order Now While the entire novel is rich with allegory and imagery, the conclusion to be drawn is this: Free will is God’s indispensable gift to humanity, and we must allow ourselves to be open to salvation in light of the choices we make. This theme is expressed through the necessity of sin to find knowledge, Hester’s embracing of the scarlet letter, the difference in the quality of life between Hester and Dimmesdale based on their coping mechanisms, and the very being of Hester and Dimmesdale’s daughter, Pearl. As stated, a major theme in the novel is that of free will and necessary acceptance of the consequences of one’s decision. Hester and Dimmesdale’s situation is comparable to that of Adam and Eve. Like Adam and Eve, the characters in the novel are made aware of their humanness through sin, that is, the realization that free will separates them from other creatures. Once expelled from society, or in Adam and Eve’s case, the Garden of Eden, they are forced to toil and procreate, the tasks that seem to define the human condition. The story of Hester and Dimmesdale recalls the story of Adam and Eve because, in both cases, sin results in expulsion and suffering. However, most significantly, it also results in knowledge. The knowledge of what it means to be human. The scarlet letter was intended by the Puritan elders to be a mark of sinfulness, and therefore, shame. However, for Hester, the scarlet letter is â€Å"her passport into regions where other women dared not tread†, leading her to â€Å"speculate† about what she had always known and explore her inner self more â€Å"boldly† than anyone else in New England. As for Dimmesdale, the â€Å"burden† of his sin gives him â€Å"sympathies so intimate with the sinful brotherhood of mankind, so that his heart vibrates in unison with theirs. † His most articulate, powerful sermons were derived from the sense of empathy ained from experience. Hester and Dimmesdale contemplate their own sinfulness constantly, and try to repent it with the way they live their lives afterward. The Puritan elders, on the other hand, insist on seeing sinful experiences as a mere obstacle on the path to heaven. Hence, they view life on earth as insignificant, and sin as a threat to the community that should be severely punished and suppressed. While they punish Hester and Dimmesdale, their Puritan society is stagnant, while Hester and Dimmesdale’s experience shows that imperfection and life experience are not evil. They are necessary to personal growth and true, deep understanding of others. Hester realizes and expresses that sin is forgivable, and at times necessary, to achieve a true personal identity in earthly life. After Hester is publicly shamed and forced by her society to wear the scarlet letter as a badge of humiliation, she is unwilling to pick up and leave the town. Although she is free to leave the Massachusetts Bay Colony, and doing so would allow her to remove the scarlet letter and live a life of quiet obscurity, she is unwilling to flee her â€Å"burden†. Hester even reacts with disappointment when Chillingworth tells her that the town fathers are considering allowing her to remove the letter. Hester’s behavior is a result of her desire to find her own identity rather than to allow others to determine it for her. To her, running away or removing the letter would be an acknowledgment of society’s power over her. She does not believe that the letter is a mark of shame and it is not something from which she desires to escape. She does not regret her action simply because she is told she should. Hester stays, refiguring the scarlet letter as a symbol of her own experiences and character. Her past sin is a part of who she is, and in her view, to pretend that it never happened would mean denying a part of her. Thus, Hester openly integrates her past sin into her life. Much unlike Hester, Dimmesdale is scared and ashamed of his past. His attempts to hide what he has done result in his life being a great deal unhappier than that of Hester, who is very candid about her past sins. This is a result of Dimmesdale’s struggles against a socially determined identity. Being that he is the minister of the community, he is often seen as more of a symbol than human being. With the exception of Chillingworth, those around the minister ignore his obvious anguish, instead interpreting it as a sign of holiness. Unfortunately, Dimmesdale never fully recognizes the truth of what Hester has known all along. Individuality and strength are gained by quiet self-assertion and not a rejection of one’s construed identity. Pearl is the lovechild of Hester and Dimmesdale, the mark of their sin. In the novel, Pearl is predominantly a symbol. This symbolic role can be seen in her name. A pearl is the most perfect, innocent jewel. It is polished and defined in its shell by the roughness of the sand around her, and eventually will be released from the shell to become a beautiful, unique piece of jewellery. Throughout most of the novel she is quite young, and speaks relatively little. Her most significant contribution to the plot is the reaction she provokes in the other characters in the novel. She asks them blunt, direct questions and shows how ridiculous the denial, prejudice, and misdirection of the adult world really are. In the novel, Pearl is portrayed to be much more perceptive and honest than adults in the novel, despite (or due to) her youthful tactlessness. Pearl makes the readers and characters constantly aware of her mother’s scarlet letter, and therefore, of the society that produced it. To Pearl, the scarlet letter is such a part of Hester that she does not recognize her without it. Pearl’s innocent comments about the letter are surprisingly insightful, and raise significant questions about its meaning. Similarly, she inquires about the relationships between those around her [most importantly, the relationship between Hester and Dimmesdale] and offers her perceptive opinions of them. Pearl seems to be the only character to openly criticize Dimmesdale’s refusal to simply admit to his adultery and move on. Once her father’s identity is revealed, Pearl is no longer needed in this symbolic role. When Dimmesdale dies, she becomes a full human being, leaving behind her childhood naivety. Throughout the novel, the characters’ levels of contentedness are almost always inversely proportionate to their denial of their sins and themselves. God does not expect humans to be perfect. He is willing to forgive so long as we are ready to be forgiven. Hester and Pearl realize and acknowledge their imperfections, and revel in the knowledge that â€Å"perfection† leads to inertness, much like that of their Puritan society. Consequently, they live much better lives than that of Dimmesdale, who steadfastly denies his imperfections and spends incredible amounts of time punishing himself instead of getting on with his life. In light of the choices we make, we are always open to salvation. The only thing that can stop us is ourselves. How to cite Living and Learning: the Right to Salvation (the Scarlet Letter), Papers

Personality Disorders Essays (546 words) - Psychiatric Diagnosis

Personality Disorders Personality Disorders There are many types of personality disorders and each one has different symptoms and characteristics. Some characteristics are shared by different disorders. People who rebel against their culture or society or who have outbursts and rages or have trouble with social skills, how they see themselves, how they cope with being around other people, and how they control their impulses are characteristics all shared by those who suffer from personality disorders. Many people who suffer from one disorder usually suffer more than one at a time but does not believe that they have a problem. It is said that, ?Symptoms stem from basic personality traits that develop over a period of time.?(Mental Health) There are a few basic treatments for people with personality disorders that work for some, but not for others. Psychodynamic psychotherapy, or psychoanalytical therapy, focuses on past events and long repressed feelings. Psychodynamic models integrate the past with the patient's current life. Behavior therapy is used to teach different kinds of social skills. Cognitive therapy concentrates on changing of negative thinking. Cognitive-behavioral therapy combines cognitive and behavioral therapy techniques. Personality disorders affect ten to fifteen percent of the population. Some affect certain populations more than others. Studies have suggested that biology plays a part in these disorders. Personality disorders can be inherited from generation to generation and are a primary result of the person's experience during childhood and adolescence. Borderline Personality Disorder is the most common personality disorder and affects approximately 2% of the population (Mental Health). Those that suffer from this disorder may experience brief periods in which they separate from reality and often are diagnosed with depression and psychotic disorders. They are unstable in personal relationships and have an unstable self-image and emotions and have little control over impulses. They can be self-destructive, but are rarely violent to other people or animals. Antisocial Personality Disorder is present in 3% men and 1% women and between 70-80% of the prison population (Mental Health). By definition, antisocial personality disorder, or ASP, is a lifelong personality disorder that affects many more men than women and begins before age 15 (Black). It has been studied more than any other personality disorder and can be characterized by a pattern of disregarding and violating others' rights and safety. Sufferers can be defiant, irresponsible, deceitful, irritable and aggressive. They may experiment with drugs, alcohol, and sex at a very young age. As a spouse they may be abusive, unfaithful, dishonest and manipulative. Histrionic Personality Disorder is present in 2-3% of the population and more common in women (Mental Health). Sufferers can be characterized by a pattern of seeking attention in strange and unusual ways. They are excessively emotional, overly trusting and gullible, self-absorbed and are concerned with presentation. People with this disorder can function with relatively few problems in society. To be psychosocial implies that personality disorders are a result of experiences the person has had, particularly during childhood or adolescence. Physical, emotional and especially sexual abuse has all been implicated as a cause of personality disorders. Not all abused children develop a disorder and not all people with a disorder have been abused. It just means that abuse leaves a person vulnerable to developing a personality disorder. Psychology

Physician Assisted Suicide Essays

Physician Assisted Suicide Essays Physician Assisted Suicide Essay Physician Assisted Suicide Essay who travels around the Michigan area providing physician-assisted suicide, ought not be surprised at the number of women he has helped die. Out of 43 deaths, 15 of his patients were men, 28 were women (Keenan 15). It was also reported by Keenan that Kevorkians male patients had severe terminal illnesses that left them incapable of living, while the female patients suffered from breast cancer and other illnesses that are curable (16). In many cases involving female patients wanting to use Physician-Assisted suicide, it was found that most people felt their request was emotional, unreflective, and immature (Keenan 16). Many people were angered at what Kevorkian was doing and felt that he wasnt assisting the terminally ill. They believed that people should and could find an alternative method of relief for their illnesses (Gay 47). The Detroit Press reported that on, June 4, 1990, Janet Elaine Adkins, became the first patient Dr. Kevorkian assisted into death, as previously mentioned. The 54-year-old woman, from Portland, Oregon, who was a former college instructor, decided to commit suicide the day she was diagnosed with Alzheimers disease (1997). Adkins contacted Kevorkian after hearing about his suicide machine and asked for his help in assisting her into death, according to Kathlyn Gay. After hearing Adkins describe her illness, Kevorkian refused to help the patient and suggested that she try experimental drug treatments. After six months had gone by Adkins informed Dr. Kevorkian that the drug treatment had been unsuccessful and Kevorkian finally agreed to help with her request (44-45). Adkins and her husband flew to Royal Oak, Mich. , on June 3, 1990, for an interview with Kevorkian. On the basis of that one face-to-face encounter, the doctor concluded that Adkins euthanasia request was rational. The following day, as her husband waited in a nearby motel, Adkins was hooked up intravenously to an inverted bottle of saline solution hanging from a metal frame in the back of Kevorkians parked van. Acting on Kevorkians instructions, Adkins pressed a button that shut off the flow of saline solution and opened the line of sodium pentothal, causing her to lose consciousness. After one minute, an automatic timer closed the pentothal line and released the contents of the third bottle. Adkins heart stopped beating within six minutes. (Worsnop Assisted Suicide 157-158) One source reports that the second and third assisted suicides occurred on, October 21, 1991. One patient, Sherry Miller, was a multiple-sclerosis victim, and the second patient, Marjorie Wantz, complained of a severe pelvic disorder; they died within one hour of each other in a secluded cabin forty miles outside of Detroit (Worsnop Assisted Suicide Controversy 405). Worsnop also reports that the autopsy preformed on Wantz showed no evidence of any pelvic disorder that she could have been suffering from. After hearing this information, the State Board of Medicine suspended Kevorkians medical license on November 20, 1991 (Worsnop Assisted Suicide Controversy 405). Although Kevorkians medical license was suspended, he still continued to assist his patients into death. In November 1992, he helped his sixth patient, a female, into death. After this death, the Michigan House of Representatives passed a bill making assisted suicide a felony, making it punishable by four years in a state prison (Gay 47). After the deaths of Wantz and Miller, many people in Michigan, and all over the world, became angered that nothing was done to stop Kevorkian. The State of Michigan eventually put a ban on assisted suicide. Kevorkian, for his part, announced March 6 that he planned to appeal Michigans ban on assisted suicide to the U. S. Supreme Court. The American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU), representing two cancer patients, had filed a separate appeal of the ban to the Supreme Court a week earlier. On April 24, the Supreme Court rejected both appeals without comment, clearing the way for Kevorkian to stand trial on murder charges in the Wantz-Miller case. (Worsnop Assisted Suicide Controversy 410) According to Richard L. Worsnop, Kevorkian was later put into jail, but released after Judge Richard C. Kaufman ruled that the states assisted-suicide ban was unconstitutional. Worsnop continued by saying, Judge Kaufman dismissed the charges against Kevorkian on the basis of the quality of the patients life, saying that the patients life was significantly impaired by a medical condition that was extremely unlikely to improve. Kaufman also said that people have a constitutional right to commit suicide and Mrs. Adkins assisted suicide would fit into these conditions (Worsnop Assisted Suicide 405). A poll was later conducted across Michigan, from 310 people, and 102 people from Oakland County, where the Kevorkian case was being heard. From the 310 people, five to one believed that Kevorkian had not committed murder, and in the Oakland County area the decision was ten to one in favor of acquitting Kevorkian of murder charges (Gay 48). Due to Kevorkian assisting in the death of those that did not fit into the terminally ill category, patients now have to be more informed about their illness, so that they are aware of what their final options may be. When a physician has diagnosed a patient with a terminal illness, it is vitally important that the physician provides valid information, about the illness the patient is suffering. According to the Oregon Death with Dignity Act, Terminal disease means an incurable and irreversible disease that has been medically confirmed and will, within reasonable medical judgement, produce death within six (6) months (2). The physician is also responsible for letting the patient know of any experimental drugs and any other treatments that may benefit the patient in any way. Another responsibility of the physician is to educate the patient as to what their final options may be. They are required to inform the patient about their diagnosis, the results of taking any medication that could be given, all alternatives that could be used to treat the patient, and also having the patient contact another physician to confirm the diagnosis (The Oregon Death with Dignity Act 3, hereafter known as The Oregon). Some people feel that when a physician provides a patient with a deadly drug and instructions on how to use the medicine, they have as much responsibility as the patient themselves (Callahan 71). It is important that physician inform their patients that death is not the last option they have; many people feel that the terminally ill need to be reassured that they dont need to be in pain and that they wont be alone during their final stages of life, their interest in assisted suicide goes away (Worsnop Assisted Suicide Controversy 411). It is also vitally important that patients know that once they have made their decision to go through with assisted suicide, they can change their mind at any stage along the way (Oregon 3). The ultimate task of physicians is deciding whether or not to help their patient with their final request. In a magazine article by Jon Fuller, he reports that physician-assisted suicide causes much stress and emotional drain to the physician. This feeling, in turn, makes it much easier and faster for the physician to come to the decision to help the patient and move on to the next patient. Fuller also feels that if physicians werent overworked and stressed, they would be a lot less likely to use assisted suicide (10). If people started believing that their physician would act this way, many would start to wonder about the commitment their physician had to his/her patient with a terminal illness (Johnson and Koop 52). For some physicians, the process of participating in physician-assisted suicide had a great emotional impact. In response to general, open-ended inquiries, prescribing physicians offered comments such as, It was an excruciating thing to do it made me rethink lifes priorities. (Department of Human Resources 7, Hereafter known as Department) Evidence shows that many physicians are prepared to sacrifice their careers to help a patient in a great deal of pain, and many people in todays society feel that it is wrong to put such a heavy decision on doctors (Medical Ethics 9). There are still many physicians that are troubled by the thought of ending the life of one of their patients, because they have been trained to preserve life, not end it (Worsnop Assisted Suicide 147). A second type of physician response to euthanasia followed in the footsteps of many nineteenth-century practitioners: the prolongation of life takes absolute priority over the easing of suffering. In 1896, for example, Isaac N. Quimby was asked, Is it right to prolong the agony of a patient if the physician knows positively that death is inevitable in a short time? To the bitter end, Quimby asserted. A physician has no right to terminate the life of a patient, even when to prolong that life is to cause the most agonizing tortures. (Vanderpool 41) Some people feel that our society is unfair towards physicians that do decide to use assisted suicide, because in all American states, a physician must be present when a criminals are executed. People in society feel that this is as unethical as using assisted suicide, but it hasnt become an issue, such as physician-assisted suicide (Medical Ethics 9). If an Oregon physician does decide to provide the patient with a lethal dose of medications, the prescription that is written out must provide specific information so that the Oregon Health Department can make sure that it is in compliance to the law (Department 2). The only state, today, where assisted suicide can take place is Oregon; physicians in other states may not write prescriptions, for lethal doses of medications, without breaking the law. According to the Oregon Health Department, a survey was taken in Oregon, before the Death with Dignity Act was passed, and found that seven percent of physicians had already provided prescriptions for terminally ill patient (Department 9). Harold Y. Vanderpool reports that T. T. Robertson was the first American doctor to publicly admit that he had practiced euthanasia by giving two patients narcotics to shorten their lives by a few hours (41). For those people who believe that physician-assisted suicide should be their choice, they feel it should be legalized because: they dont want to go through the suffering caused by the terminal illness, they fear the loss of autonomy/independence, becoming a burden to their family and/or friends, and they also fear dying alone; as previously mentioned. It was reported, in Richard L. Worsnops Assisted Suicide Controversy, that many people fear living a life in excruciating pain (411). Ed Newman states that one of the arguments in favor of assisted suicide is the mercy argument, which states, The immense pain and indignity of prolonged suffering cannot be ignored. We are being inhumane to force people to continue suffering in this way (1). One source states, And at the risk of finding myself out on a theological limb, I say that if it is playing God to reduce human suffering, then I do not believe that the God of mercy and compassion would mind if we mere mortals play God under such circumstances (Barnard, C. 70). Another source said that, The most literal translation of the word euthanasia would be a good death. So who could be against that, except an extremist who would argue that terminal suffering should be accepted, unchanged by human intervention, as fate or Gods will? I personally believe that helping someone die in peace and without pain, even if that might hasten the biological timetable of death by a few hours or even days, is not only acceptable but is mandatory for modern medical care (Johnson and Koop 39). Another argument that people feel should be considered to make assisted suicide legalized, is the economic argument. This argument notes the cost of keeping someone alive and on life support, although they are in a vegetative state (Newman 2). Newman believes that society is wasting precious resources by keeping these people alive for so long, even though the life will not return to normal (2). According to Margaret Battin, assisted suicide would not mean that society would be giving up on the elderly and those with terminal illnesses (19). It would in fact do them a good deed by letting them choose when they had enough treatment and wanted to stop the insults to their body (Battin 19). One source feels that todays technology is to blame for people wanting to commit assisted suicide. We die more slowly today, Verhey notes. Even worse, we do it in hospitals, surrounded by technology rather than by friends and family. And this is what makes it especially frightening to some people' (As qtd. by Thomas 16). Also for some, the thought of being hooked up with tubes in every orifice of our body is not the way they want to leave their life (Vanderpool 56). Another reason people believe physician-assisted suicide should be available for those who request it, is because people fear the loss of their autonomy. One source stated that more patients fear loss of control than they do actually suffering from a terminal illness (Gardner 68). The Oregon Health Department said that, The fact that 79% of persons who chose physician-assisted suicide did not wait until they were bedridden to take their lethal medication provides further evidence that controlling the manner and time of death were important issues to these patients (Department 9). Some people feel that life is only worth living when they can actually do things for themselves and not have to worry about people doing anything for them. Another reason for people to be in favor of physician-assisted suicide is some fear becoming a burden to their family and/or friends, and this makes people more susceptible to choosing assisted suicide, rather than letting a family member take care of them. Terminally ill patients feel guilty about having to have another person take care of them, instead of being able to take care of themselves and do things for themselves. 75% of those who asked for assistance in suicide cite fear of burdening spouses and families (Arguments Against Physician-Assisted Suicide 2, hereafter Arguments). In the cases of Dr. Kevorkian, as mentioned earlier, most of the female patients were more worried about becoming a burden to friends and family, while the males were more likely to commit suicide due to the suffering (Keenan 16). Another issue is for the family to keep the patient alive, even if they are in a state of vegetation, because they fear living with the guilt of killing a member of their own family (Johnson and Koop 41-42). The family members felt that if they did help in the assistance of the suicide, that they were abandoning the patient rather than helping with their final  wishes, even in the cases of the patient only wanting the family to put them out of their misery (Thomas 17). Most people that believe physician-assisted suicide should become a legal option for anyone who requests it, use the idea that everyone has the freedom of choice. In the book, Lawful Exit: The Limits of Freedom, Derek Humphry quotes Archibald MacLeish by saying, Freedom is the right to choose: the right to create for yourself the alternatives of choice. Without the possibility of choice and the exercise of choice a man is not a man but a member, an instrument, a thing (8). Another source states that, Since there is no absolute legal, medical, or moral answer to the question of what constitutes a good or correct death in the face of a terminal illness, the power to make the decision about how someone dies can rest with only one individualthe person living in that particular body (Shavelson 153). There are many arguments in favor of assisted suicide, and the reality argument simply states that, people are already being helped into death, so why not just continue with it (Newman 2). Some people have even come as far as believing that since the democratic view is free of religion, suicide should be viewed as a pro, because those who see it as a negative issue, are seen as imposing their moral beliefs on everyone else (Thomas 19). The patients Right to Self-determination gives the patient the power to decide not only when they die, but also how, because it is in fact their body, their pain, and their life, so whats the point in keeping someone alive if they dont see any reason themselves (Newman 2). In a newspaper article one source states, Proponents of assisted suicide always insist that the practice will be carefully limited: It will be available, they claim, only for those who request it and only for those who are dying, anyway (Wagner 622K3096). People do have a constitutional right to commit suicide, if they are impaired with a terminal illness that can not be cured and they are unlikely to improve, as mentioned earlier in the paper (Worsnop Assisted Suicide Controversy 405). Another big issue that comes up in the discussion of assisted suicide, is people wanting to die with dignity. Dr. Christiaan Barnard states, With an open-door approach to technical progress, with the emergence of candor in discussions of death-related subjects, with landmark changes in ethical and legal constraints to medical practice, I feel that society is ready to take a giant step toward a better understanding of the dignity of death-and the attainment of that dignity, if necessary, through euthanasia and suicide (x). Some people have even gone as far as believing that euthanasia is the only merciful thing to do when patients are suffering and cannot be helped (Euthanasia 53). People also believe that since sending criminals to prison is viewed as a positive idea, it should be acceptable to help those with terminal illnesses end their lives when they have done nothing wrong, but only want to help themselves (Barnard, C. 68). Another idea to think about when deciding if assisted suicide is a negative idea or a positive idea, is that people are afraid of dying alone. Patients already possess the legal authority to give up eating, or to refuse antibiotics or insulin. The only thing a patient now lacks is control over the exact hour of his or her death, making the patient unable to gather family, say good-bye, and then immediately die (Thomas 21). In a study done in Oregon, loneliness was also a factor in the assisted suicide of several patients. Of the fifteen people who took the lethal drugs, two were married, and nine were either widowed or divorced (Gardner 68). In Richard Worsnops report, he said that more people were afraid of abandonment then they were of death (Worsnop Assisted Suicide Controversy 411). Along with the many arguments for physician-assisted suicide, there are as many, if not more reasons assisted suicide should not be legalized and practiced. In the early years (1800s), it has been reported by Darrel Amundsen, that Christians invented suicide. They believed that by committing suicide, they would be able to reunite with the deceased, be rewarded as a martyr, and even be part of the highest spiritual state. This was stopped when Augustine said it was a sin; his idea quickly took hold and is accepted by Christians today (7-8). Amundsen also reports that Justin Martyr said, If we should kill ourselves we would be the cause, as far as it is up to us, why no one would be born and be instructed in the divine doctrines, or even why the human race might cease to exist; if we ourselves will be opposing the will of God (14-15). When dealing with religious beliefs the question of whose right is it to take a life will always come up. For those who believe in a higher power, they feel that only that power can take them out of life, while those without religious beliefs say it is their right to decide. Pro-lifers generally believe that human beings have no right to determine when a life is over; they feel that only God can decide that (Worsnop Assisted Suicide Controversy 412). In the book, Moral Issues, it states that, Man as trustee of his body acts against God, its rightful possessor, when he takes his own life. He also violates the commandment to hold life sacred and never to take it without just and compelling cause. (Taking Sides: Clashing Views on Controversial Moral Issues 291, hereafter known as Taking Sides) In one assisted suicide case, a man in Oregon was given the option to use a lethal dose of medications to take his own life, but he was a committed Christian and did not even consider the option. He became more independent with time, and became more dependent on God; his faith gave him the strength to resist the temptation of an escape (Gardner 68). One source feels that the communities should be the ones to decide whether or not physician-assisted suicide should take place, not the doctors, because people go to doctors to get help not to have them kill people (Fuller 12). Those people with religious beliefs also feel that life is still worth living, even if you cant do anything and have to rely on others. One source reported that, The press now refers to opponents of euthanasia as vitalists; the term stems from the word vital, which has a variety of definitions, one of them being characteristic of life or living being. The vitals earned their name because of their deep belief that life is so precious that it must never be ended other than by natural causes (Dolan 85). Some people would even go as far as feeling that people should not want to withdraw from life, when they still have the ability to interact, in any way, with their fellow human beings (Johnson and Koop 41). In another case of a man in Oregon, with Lou Gehrigs disease, the man had gotten a hold of a package of barbiturates and was ready to kill himself, when he realized that he was still living a valuable life, because he was capable of making the decision to take his own life (Gardner 70). The issue of becoming dependent on others during a terminal illness shouldnt make the patient feel bad because they have, most likely, helped someone out at their time of need (Parry 21). Physician-assisted suicide also goes against Gods plan of a natural death for some. According to one source, Euthanasia does violence to this natural goal of survival. It is literally acting against nature because all the processes of nature are bent towards the end of bodily survival. Euthanasia defeats these subtle mechanisms in a way that, in a particular case, disease and injury might not (Taking Sides 291). The source went on to say that, Furthermore, in doing so, Euthanasia does violence to our dignity. Our dignity comes from seeking our ends. When one of our goals is survival, and actions are taken that eliminate the goal, then our natural dignity suffers (291). Another source believes that if people believed that everything ended after death, then people would choose to prolong life (Johnson and Koop 40-41). The source went on to say that those who did believe there was something after death, they would go when their time arrived and not prolong, they would also believe that God planned their exit and that interfering would be wrong (40-41). The issue of involving another person in the taking of a life has become a valid part of anti-assisted suicide groups. In a video produced by Derek Humphry he informs that when a doctor is asked to assist a suicide, he has the right to refuse the patients request. If he refuses, he must discharge that patient from his care, and if he does not discharge them, it would be considered illegal (The Right to Choose to Die). When family members, friends, and lovers are asked to help people die, it is said to be one of the most agonizing decisions anyone could ever make, because if that person does decide to help with the death they have to live with the knowledge that they killed a loved one and if they dont help out, they live with the torment of watching someone suffer (Shavelson 33). A big argument against legalizing physician-assisted suicide is that it is not part of medical ethics and should not become a part. The appeals court noted that the American Medical Associations Code of Ethics declares physician-assisted suicide to be fundamentally incompatible with the physicians role as healer. The court then added a comment of its own: The physicians commitment to caring is the medical professions commitment to medical progress. Medically assisted suicide as an acceptable alternative is a blind alley. (Worsnop Assisted Suicide Controversy 397) The Slippery Slope argument was made against the legalization of physician-assisted suicide, and it says that there are certain situations when nothing should be done that is acceptable because it will only lead to a course of consequences that are not acceptable (Newman 3). Newman goes on to say that, Our attitudes toward the elderly, people with disabilities and the devaluation of individuals for the higher good of society should be reflected upon (3). The issue of pain being a part of the reason for people choosing assisted suicide is also argued against. One source says that, Pain is controllable. Modern medicine has the ability to control pain. A person who seeks to kill him or herself to avoid pain does not need legalized assisted suicide but a doctor better trained in alleviating pain (Key Points for Debating Assisted Suicide 1, hereafter known as Key Points). Richard Thorne, a physician in Salem, Oregon, tells that, As a physician, I was always taught to be a healer, Thorne says. Im sad and anguished that this chapter of medicine will come to an abrupt end unless challenges in the court overturn it' (Kellner 55). Doctors today are not ready to help patients end their lives and they are not ready to sacrifice their professional career because one patient is suffering with the medication that is available today. As one source points out, The doctor has to decide whether she is prepared to sacrifice her professional creed (and perhaps even her career) out of compassion for her patient (Medical Ethics 9). Many people believe that if physician-assisted suicide becomes legal, the relationship between physicians and patients will become unstable. One source states, In contrast, participation in the active taking of life, even if only by prescribing medications that a patient will self-administer, crosses a threshold and threatens the trust in beneficence that is the root of the physician-patient relationship. Our collective unconscious must already contend with living memories of the abuse of the physicians power, most notoriously in the Nazi medical experiments and in the Tuskegee project. (Fuller 11) Another reason physicians should not be granted this power, is because it would make society look at their physician as a killer instead of a healer, which would eventually ruin the relationship between physician and patient (Fuller 10). The Hippocratic Oath is another idea that is keeping doctors from believing assisted suicide is acceptable. Even before doctors begin seeing and treating patients, they must take an oath with says that they will do anything in their power to heal a patient and in no way will they lessen the amount of life the patient may have (Battin 17). You do solemnly swear, each by whatever he or she holds most sacred that you will be loyal to the Profession of Medicine and just and generous to its members that you will lead your lives and practice your art in uprightness and honor that into whatsoever house you shall enter, it shall be for the good of the sick to the utmost of your power. Your holding yourselves far aloft from wrong, from corruption, from the tempting of others to vice that  will exercise your art solely for the cure of your patients, and will give no drug, perform no operation, for a criminal purpose, even if solicited, far less suggest it that whatsoever you shall see or hear of the lives of men and women which is not fitting to be spoken, your will keep inviolably secret these things do you swear. Let each bow the head in sign of acquiescence. And now, if you will be true to this, your oath, may posterity and good repute be ever yours; the opposite, is you shall prove yourselves forsworn. (Hippocratic Oath 1997) This oath has been used and dated back to the fifth century B.C. and is given at the graduation ceremonies of most doctors entering the work force (Euthanasia 52). A strong argument against the legalization of physician-assisted suicide is that it will eventually get out of control, and possibly target certain groups in todays society, as mentioned earlier. According to one source, Euthanasia could and would be abused. Over doses of readily accessible laudanum, for example, could do the business of death without leaving a trace of evidence. Euthanasia would give rise to a sea-change of lessened care and concern for invalids. It would release social instincts of selfishness and cruelty toward helpless and vulnerable persons. It would undermine the care of the grievously sick and dying (Vanderpool 39). Vitalists fear that the acceptance of passive euthanasia will cause society to regard as less valuable the sanctity of human life. As they see it, ending the lives of the incurably ill could be just a step away from justifying the deliberate elimination of all people judged to be unfit by a society. The old, the unproductive, the mentally deficient, the physically weak-all could then become the victim.

Qu es Medicaid y quiénes pueden beneficiarse

Qu es Medicaid y quià ©nes pueden beneficiarse Medicaid es un programa de asistencia mà ©dica para los ms desfavorecidos que, en la actualidad, beneficia , aproximadamente, a ms de 58 millones de personas en Estados Unidos. En quà © consiste Medicaid Es un programa de servicios mà ©dicos en el que el gobierno federal establece las directrices sobre quià ©nes deben beneficiarse del mismo y cada uno de los estados y el Distrito de Columbia ejecuta dentro de su territorio, con sus propias variaciones. En este sentido, funciona muy parecido al programa de cupones de alimentos. El programa, que fue creado por el presidente L.B. Johnson en 1965, recibe fondos para su desarrollo tanto del gobierno federal como de los estados. Quià ©nes pueden beneficiarse de Medicaid Por decisià ³n federal deben estar cubiertos por Medicaid los ciudadanos y residentes permanentes legales que se encuentren en uno de los siguientes grupos y cumplen todos los requisitos legales: Los nià ±os de seis aà ±os y menos cuyas familias no excedan en ingresos el 133% de la là ­nea  de pobreza federal.Los nià ±os de entre siete y 19 aà ±os de familias con ingresos inferiores al 100% de la là ­nea de pobreza.En el caso de menores, es suficiente que ellos por sà ­ mismos sean ciudadanos americanos o residentes permanentes legales, sin que importe el estatus migratorio de los padres.Padres y madres con pocos recursos con nià ±os.Las mujeres embarazadas de familias con ingresos inferiores al 133% del umbral de la pobreza.Personas mayores muy pobres (senior citizens).Personas con incapacidades, como por ejemplo la ceguera. En el caso de los residentes permanentes mayores de edad rige por regla general el requisito de haber cumplido ya cinco aà ±os como residentes. Pero cada uno de los estados puede decidir dentro de su territorio ampliar la cobertura dentro de esos grupos determinados por el gobierno federal y comenzar a dar la ayuda antes, como, por ejemplo, el caso de Texas. Asà ­, es comà ºn que eleven el mà ­nimo de ingresos familiar por lo que ms personas reciben los beneficios de Medicaid. Por ejemplo, en el estado de Nueva York pueden solicitar Medicaid las embarazadas cuyos ingresos familiares no exceden el 200% del umbral de la pobreza. Como consecuencia de esta regla, ms mujeres en estado pueden beneficiarse en NY comparado con aquellos estados que apliquen la regla federal del 133%. Quà © no pueden hacer los estados No est permitido que los estados creen categorà ­as nuevas de personas que puedan beneficiarse de Medicaid. De este modo, ningà ºn estado podr ofrecer estos beneficios a personas de mediana edad que no son padres ni son mujeres embarazadas ni sufren de ningà ºn tipo de incapacidad, por muy pobres que sean. Quà © es la là ­nea de la pobreza Es una cantidad que fija el Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos para determinar quà © personas tienen acceso a diversos programas federales. La cifra de la là ­nea de la pobreza es la misma para los 48 estados contiguos y el Distrito de Columbia, pero es superior para Hawaii y Alaska. Beneficios que se ofrecen en todos los estados por imperativo federal Servicios de atencià ³n de mà ©dico, enfermera y comadrona.Revisiones perià ³dicas para menores de 21 aà ±osHospitalizacià ³nAnlisis de laboratorioRayos XAtencià ³n mà ©dica en clà ­nicas comunitarias y ruralesServicios de planificacià ³n familiar y entrega de contraceptivos como la pà ­ldora Beneficios a mayores que ofrecen algunos estados Cada uno de los 50 estados de la Unià ³n Americana y el Distrito de Columbia deben cumplir con los servicios mà ­nimos establecidos por el gobierno federal. Pero adems pueden proveer con prestaciones extra, si asà ­ lo deciden. Entre los servicios que ofrecen algunos estados a travà ©s de Medicaid destacan: MedicinasVisitas al dentista y al oculista, asà ­ como pago total o parcial de lentesFisioterapiaConsultas de salud mentalCuidados mà ©dicos en hospicios y en el hogar En algunos casos tambià ©n se ofrece servicio de transporte para acudir a las citas mà ©dicas, siempre y cuando se solicite. Para saber cules son las condiciones de Medicaid en cada estado y circunstancias tales como nivel de cobertura y requisitos de copago se puede consultar el mapa interactivo de la Fundacià ³n Kaiser y pinchar encima del estado de residencia de la persona interesada en conocer esos datos. Tips Las personas que han firmado un Affidavit of Support en favor de otras pueden verse obligadas a responder por un determinado tiempo por à ©stas. Y aunque en teorà ­a podrà ­an beneficiarse de Medicaid, lo cierto es que en la prctica puede que acabe pagando el firmante de la Declaracià ³n jurada de apoyo. Si recibes Medicaid u otro beneficio considerado como means-tested (cupones de alimentos, etc) o ests pasando por una difà ­cil situacià ³n econà ³mica podrà ­as calificar para una exencià ³n para no pagar por ciertos trmites migratorios (no todos). A tener en cuenta Embarazas, lactantes, nià ±os, infantes y mujeres que han tenido un bebà © hace menos de seis semanas podrà ­an calificar para ayuda alimentaria nutritiva mediante el programa que se conoce como WIC. A la hora de aplicar, el estatus migratorio no se tiene en consideracià ³n.